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Changes for page AD 01 Prisoner Searches

Last modified by Ryan Larkin on 2021/09/13 19:02
From version 1.1
edited by Ryan Larkin
on 2016/09/02 20:06
Change comment: There is no comment for this version
To version 8.1
edited by Ryan Larkin
on 2021/09/03 17:32
Change comment: Added body scan information

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... ... @@ -16,62 +16,59 @@
16 16  
17 17  Replaces and/or Supersedes:
18 18  
19 -PD 01, CD 01
19 +AD 01 10/26/2011
20 20  
21 21  Published:
22 22  
23 -01/26/2011
23 +06/01/2020
24 24  
25 25  Review Date:
26 26  
27 -01/26/2012
27 +09/03/2021
28 28  
29 29  
30 30  Sheriff Cory Pulsipher
31 31  
32 -Undersheriff Bart Bailey
32 +Undersheriff James Standley
33 33  
34 34  
35 35  **__TABLE OF CONTENTS__**
36 36  
37 -AD 01_101 Distribution
37 +AD 01_101 Definitions
38 38  
39 -AD 01_102 Definitions
39 +AD 01_102 References
40 40  
41 -AD 01_103 References
41 +AD 01_103 General
42 42  
43 -AD 01_104 General
43 +AD 01_104 Frisk Search
44 44  
45 -AD 01_105 Frisk Search
45 +AD 01_105 Rub Search
46 46  
47 -AD 01_106 Rub Search
47 +AD 01_106 Strip Search
48 48  
49 -AD 01_107 Strip Search
49 +AD 01_107 Visual Body Cavity Search
50 50  
51 -AD 01_108 Visual Body Cavity Search
51 +AD 01_108  Body Scan
52 52  
53 -AD 01_109 Digital Body Cavity Search
53 +AD 01_109  Digital Body Cavity Search
54 54  
55 -AD 01_110 Initial Search
55 +AD 01_110  Initial Search
56 56  
57 -AD 01_112 Follow-Up Search
57 +AD 01_111  Follow-Up Search
58 58  
59 -AD 01_113 Exigent Circumstances
59 +AD 01_112  Exigent Circumstances
60 60  
61 -AD 01_114 Cross Gender
61 +AD 01_113  Cross Gender
62 62  
63 -AD 01_115 Mixed Gender
63 +AD 01_114  Mixed Gender
64 64  
65 -AD 01_116 Unknown Gender
65 +AD 01_115  Unknown Gender
66 66  
67 +AD 01_116  Voluntary Exposure
67 67  
68 -**AD 01_101 __DISTRIBUTION__**
69 69  
70 -1. Standard distribution.
70 +**AD 01_101 __DEFINITIONS__**
71 71  
72 -
73 -**AD 01_102 __DEFINITIONS__**
74 -
75 75  1. WCSO: Washington County Sheriff's Office
76 76  1. PCF: Purgatory Correctional Facility
77 77  1. ICE: Immigration and Customs Enforcement
... ... @@ -89,46 +89,52 @@
89 89  1. Transsexual: A person who has undergone surgery and hormone injections to effect a change of gender.T
90 90  1. Transvestite: A person who uses clothing, make-up, and/or other devices to appear to be of the opposite gender.
91 91  1. Voluntary Waiver (of Sexual Privacy Rights): Actions taken willfully by a prisoner that may reduce the prisoner's sexual privacy rights. Persons may voluntarily waive individual rights. Inmates who voluntarily remove their own clothing or otherwise take actions which result in a loss of sexual privacy waive their right to privacy.
89 +1. Body Scan: X-ray technology used to produce an image revealing the presence of contraband concealed on or inside of a subject.
90 +1. Body Scan Device: A system for obtaining full height radiographic images of a person to detect weapons, explosives, drugs, metals, and other contraband either concealed under the clothes, swallowed, or hidden in anatomical cavities of the human body without causing harm to the scanned person.
91 +1. X-Ray: Also referred to as X-radiation, is a form of electromagnetic radiation similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids and of ionizing gases.
92 +1. Radiation: The process in which energetic particles or waves travel through a medium or space. There are two distinct types of radiation: ionizing and non-ionizing. X-radiation is an ionizing radiation.
93 +1. Radiation Survey: Measurement of the X-radiation equivalent dose rate at the external surfaces of the body scan device, the personnel work station, the boundaries of the working zone and in adjacent rooms, if applicable.
94 +1. Exposure: Means being exposed to ionizing radiation or to radioactive material.
95 +1. Sievert: A unit used to derive a quantity called equivalent dose. This relates the absorbed dose in human tissue to the effective biological damage of the radiation. Equivalent dose is often expressed in terms of millionths of a Sievert, or micro Sievert. One Sv is equal to 1,000,000 micro Sieverts. One Sievert equals 100 rem. (The rem is an older unit of measurement.)
96 +1. Dose: A general term used to express how much radiation exposure a person or other material has received.
92 92  
98 +**AD 01_102 __REFERENCES__**
93 93  
94 -**AD 01_103 __REFERENCES__**
95 -
96 96  1. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Standards:
97 97  11. 13.
98 98  1. Utah Counties Insurance Pool:
99 99  11. ML-V.A.2.
100 100  1. Utah Sheriffs Association Jail Standards:
101 -11. C 03.03.01: Scope of Arrestee Searches
102 -11. C 03.03.02: Reasonable Suspicion
103 -11. C 03.03.03: Individualized Suspicion Not Required
104 -11. C 03.03.04: Exigent Circumstances
105 -11. C 03.03.05: Voluntary Waivers
106 -11. C 03.03.06: Initial Search of Prisoner
107 -11. C 03.03.07: Follow-Up Search
108 -11. F 03.01.01: Written Search Policies and Procedures Required
109 -11. F 03.01.02: Content
110 -11. F 03.02.01: Contraband Control
111 -11. F 03.02.02: Reasonable Searches
112 -11. F 03.03.01: Basis for Conducting Searches
113 -11. F 03.03.02: Scope of Intrusion and Justification
114 -11. F 03.03.03: Manner of Search
115 -11. F 03.03.04: Rub Searches
116 -11. F 03.03.05: Strip Searches
117 -11. F 03.03.06: Visual Body Cavity Searches
118 -11. F 03.03.07: Digital Body Cavity Searches
119 -11. J05.03.03: Admission Searches of Work-Release Prisoners
105 +11. C01.03.02: Receiving Female Inmates
106 +11. C03.03.01: Scope of Arrestee Searches
107 +11. C03.03.02: Reasonable Suspicion Not Required
108 +11. C03.03.05: Voluntary Waivers
109 +11. C03.03.06: Initial Search of Inmate
110 +11. C03.03.07: Follow-Up Search
111 +11. F03.01.01: Written Search Policies and Procedures Required
112 +11. F03.01.02: Content: Searches
113 +11. F03.02.01: Contraband Control
114 +11. F03.02.02: Reasonable Searches
115 +11. F03.03.01: Basis for Conducting Searches
116 +11. F03.03.02: Scope of Intrusion and Justification
117 +11. F03.03.03: Manner of Search
118 +11. F03.03.04: Rub Searches
119 +11. F03.03.05: Strip Searches
120 +11. F03.03.07: Digital Body Cavity Searches
121 +11. F03.03.08: Exigent Circumstances
122 +11. F03.03.09: Voluntary Exposure
123 +11. J05.03.03: Admission Searches of Work-Release Inmates
120 120  11. N01.03.01: General
121 -11. N01.03.02: Female Prisoners
125 +11. N01.03.02: Female Inmates
122 122  11. N02.01.01: Written Cross-Gender Searches and Supervision Policies and Procedures Required
123 -11. N02.01.02: Content
124 -11. N02.02.01: Frisk and Searches of Male Prisoners
125 -11. N02.02.02: Strip Searches of Male Prisoners
126 -11. N02.02.03: Male Searches of Female Prisoners
127 -11. N02.02.04: Documentation
127 +11. N02.01.02: Content: Cross-Gender Searches and Supervision
128 +11. N02.02.01: Frisk and Searches of Male Inmates
129 +11. N02.02.02: Strip Searches of Male Inmates
130 +11. N02.02.03: Male Searches of Female Inmates
131 +11. N02.02.04: Documentation of Searches
128 128  
133 +**AD 01_103 __GENERAL__**
129 129  
130 -**AD 01_104 __GENERAL__**
131 -
132 132  1. Policy:
133 133  11. Staff shall conduct only reasonable searches.
134 134  11. The greater the scope of intrusion of a search, the greater must be the justification for conducting the search.
... ... @@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
137 137  111. Provide an appropriate degree of privacy for intrusive searches or other searches which by their nature would tend to be exceptionally embarrassing or humiliating, if possible;
138 138  111. Ensure adequate sanitation precautions, when possible; and
139 139  111. Ensure that persons conducting searches have adequate training and authority to conduct the type of search involved.
143 +11. When force is necessary to enforce a lawful search only a reasonable amount of force shall be used.
140 140  11. Searches shall be conducted routinely and randomly, with limitation as explained below.
141 141  11. A search for safety concerns (i.e., frisk search) should include, at a minimum, a search for:
142 142  111. Weapons;
... ... @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
149 149  111. Past suicide attempts;
150 150  111. Needle "tracks";
151 151  111. Problems which might require staff intervention or follow-up.
152 -11. All searches shall be documented in the Spillman computer system and shall include:
156 +11. All searches more intrusive than a rub search shall be documented in the Spillman computer system and shall include:
153 153  111. Date, time, and location of the search;
154 154  111. The name of the individual searched;
155 155  111. The name(s) of the officer(s) involved in the search;
... ... @@ -162,9 +162,8 @@
162 162  11. When staff perform searches in a professional manner, they improve the likelihood that challenged searches will be upheld. Conversely, unprofessional searches may result in otherwise proper searches being found to be in violation of prisoners' constitutional rights.
163 163  11. Searches are a critical element of jail security and should be conducted as part of a set routine. Routine searches should be augmented with random searches to keep prisoners from being able to anticipate when searches will or will not occur. Prisoners have no expectation of privacy while incarcerated, and, thus, are not protected from aggressive search procedures. Searches are particularly vital when prisoners or others are capable of bringing contraband in from the outside, moving contraband from one location to another within the jail, or being prepared for transportation from the facility.
164 164  
169 +**AD 01_104 __FRISK SEARCH__**
165 165  
166 -**AD 01_105 __FRISK SEARCH__**
167 -
168 168  1. Policy:
169 169  11. A frisk search of a detainee may be performed at any time, at the officer's discretion.
170 170  11. A frisk search should only be performed when the officer decides that there is a safety concern that could be addressed by the search.
... ... @@ -173,9 +173,8 @@
173 173  11. A frisk search should be used on detainees in lieu of other types of searches in order to preserve the detainee's rights against unlawful searches.
174 174  11. Because more intrusive searches are permitted and are more successful in detecting weapons and/or contraband, frisk searches should not be used on arrestees or inmates.
175 175  
179 +**AD 01_105 __RUB SEARCH__**
176 176  
177 -**AD 01_106 __RUB SEARCH__**
178 -
179 179  1. Policy:
180 180  11. All prisoners shall be subject to rub searches at any time during their incarceration at PCF. Rub searches may be conducted on a routine, selective, or random basis.
181 181  11. Unless a more intrusive search is justified, all prisoners (including detainees) shall be rub searched by PCF officers at admission to PCF.
... ... @@ -189,15 +189,14 @@
189 189  11. Rationale:
190 190  111. The courts have recognized the importance of searching prisoners to maintain facility security. They consider rub searches as relatively unintrusive and permit their use on a virtually unlimited basis. Because rub searches involve a low degree of intrusion, no justification is required other than the incarceration of the prisoner. Privacy is not ordinarily a requirement for rub searches.
191 191  
194 +**AD 01_106 __STRIP SEARCH__**
192 192  
193 -**AD 01_107 __STRIP SEARCH__**
194 -
195 195  1. Policy:
196 196  11. Strip searches shall be done in a manner which reasonably ensures that prisoners being searched are observed only by:
197 197  111. Staff conducting or assisting with the search; and/or
198 198  111. Staff working in the area.
199 199  11. Strip searches may include:
200 -111. Arrestees at admission as detailed in the Initial Search section below (AD 01_110);
201 +111. Arrestees at admission as detailed in the Initial Search section below (AD 01_109);
201 201  111. Inmates returning to PCF from outside the secure areas of the jail;
202 202  111. Inmates believed to be in possession of contraband;
203 203  111. Inmates in an area of a scheduled shakedown or area search;
... ... @@ -209,21 +209,19 @@
209 209  11. Strip searches require reasonable suspicion for prisoners of “arrestee” status.
210 210  11. Strip searches do not require reasonable suspicion for prisoners of “inmate” status.
211 211  1. Rationale:
212 -11. Strip searches have been recognized by the courts for their importance in maintaining facility security; however, they have found strip searches to be highly intrusive. Because they are intrusive, the courts have consistently held that arrestees cannot be subjected to strip searches unless there is individualized or reasonable suspicion that a prisoner has contraband. Reasonable suspicion may be assumed for prisoners whose charges, criminal histories, or current probation or parole status would reasonably be assumed to create a significant risk. The court's rationale in limiting strip searches for arrestees is that persons who are not part of the criminal subculture and who are briefly in jail awaiting bond or recognizance release for minor offenses should not be required to endure the humiliation of the strip search, because they will likely be released within minutes or a very few hours and are not, therefore, a great risk to the security of the facility. The restriction on strip searches is relaxed after arrestees have exhausted their options to gain pretrial release and have become a part of the jail population.
213 +11. Strip searches have been recognized by the courts for their importance in maintaining facility security; however, they have found strip searches to be highly intrusive. Because they are intrusive, the courts have previously held that arrestees cannot be subjected to strip searches unless there is individualized or reasonable suspicion that a prisoner has contraband. Reasonable suspicion may be assumed for prisoners whose charges, criminal histories, or current probation or parole status would reasonably be assumed to create a significant risk. The court's rationale in limiting strip searches for arrestees has been that persons who are not part of the criminal subculture and who are briefly in jail awaiting bond or recognizance release for minor offenses should not be required to endure the humiliation of the strip search, because they will likely be released within minutes or a very few hours and are not, therefore, a great risk to the security of the facility. The restriction on strip searches is relaxed after arrestees have exhausted their options to gain pretrial release and have become a part of the jail population.
213 213  11. Strip searches are a necessary tool in protecting jail security and safety because:
214 214  111. Prisoners are capable of hiding weapons, drugs, and other contraband on their bodies in ways that substantially reduce the likelihood that the hidden items will be found in a frisk or rub search; and
215 215  111. Strip searches add a dimension to the search which permits visual examination of the subject in a manner which, if done competently, ensures that contraband hidden on the body will be found, and in some instances, may lead to discovery of contraband hidden in body cavities.
216 -11. Persons may voluntarily waive individual rights. Inmates who voluntarily remove their own clothing or otherwise take actions which result in a loss of sexual privacy waive their right to privacy. Visual observation of unclothed prisoners may be unavoidable when there is a voluntary waiver of sexual privacy rights.
217 217  
218 +**AD 01_107 __VISUAL BODY CAVITY SEARCH__**
218 218  
219 -**AD 01_108 __VISUAL BODY CAVITY SEARCH__**
220 -
221 221  1. Policy:
222 222  11. Visual body cavity searches shall be done in a manner which reasonably ensures that prisoners being searched are observed only by:
223 223  111. Staff conducting or assisting with the search; and/or
224 224  111. Staff working in the area.
225 225  11. Visual body cavity searches may include:
226 -111. Arrestees at admission as detailed in the Initial Search section below (AD 01_110);
225 +111. Arrestees at admission as detailed in the Initial Search section below (AD 01_109);
227 227  111. Inmates believed to be in possession of contraband;
228 228  111. Inmates in an area of a scheduled shakedown or area search;
229 229  111. Inmates leaving the secure area of the jail who are still in custody;
... ... @@ -238,9 +238,30 @@
238 238  1. Rationale:
239 239  11. It is important to keep judicial concerns about the intrusiveness of visual body cavity searches in mind; however, the legal tests for strip searches and visual body cavity searches are essentially identical in most jurisdictions.
240 240  
240 +**AD 01_108  __BODY SCAN__**
241 241  
242 -**AD 01_109 __DIGITAL BODY CAVITY SEARCH__**
242 +1. Policy:
243 +11. Following an initial intake search (rub search, strip search, or visual body cavity search as outlined above), all prisoners shall be searched using a body scan device. The body scan does not replace an initial intake search.
244 +11. Exceptions to the body scan search requirement may be granted by the shift supervisor. The reason for the exception shall be documented.
245 +11. Pregnant prisoners shall not be scanned.
246 +11. The body scan device shall only be operated by personnel trained in the proper use of the body scan device.
247 +11. Personnel performing the scan (and within sight of the visual display) should be the same sex as the person being scanned.
248 +11. A prisoner's refusal to cooperate with a body scan may qualify the prisoner for a visual body cavity search; with reasonable suspicion that the prisoner is concealing contraband.
249 +11. Any prisoner property within the facility may be scanned by the body scan device.
250 +11. Scanned images of discovered contraband will be retained as evidence and processed as such.
251 +11. Scanned images not detecting contraband may be retained for further review and/or training purposes.
252 +11. (((
253 +WCSO staff shall not attempt any repairs of a body scan device. If a body scan device is not working properly, it should remain unplugged from a power source until it is repaired.
254 +)))
255 +1. Rationale:
256 +11. Body scan devices have been proven to detect contraband that a rub search or strip search could not detect.
257 +11. Certain situations may be too problematic or dangerous to use a body scan device. During such situations, utilization of the shift supervisor's expertise may produce the most effective outcome. Scanning a combative prisoner will not produce usable images.
258 +11. Adequate training is necessary to achieve appropriate results and reduce liability.
259 +11. Body scan devices may detect contraband within property items that are difficult to otherwise search (e.g., peanut butter).
260 +11. In order to avoid injury to persons or damage to the body scan device, repairs require properly trained personnel.
243 243  
262 +**AD 01_109  __DIGITAL BODY CAVITY SEARCH__**
263 +
244 244  1. Policy:
245 245  11. Digital body cavity searches shall be conducted in a private room and shall be done in a manner which reasonably ensures that prisoners being searched are observed only by staff conducting or assisting with the search.
246 246  11. Digital body cavity searches may be used when jail officers have a reasonable suspicion that a prisoner has drugs or other contraband hidden in the rectum or vagina.
... ... @@ -258,9 +258,8 @@
258 258  111. Use of digital searches increases the risk of being detected for prisoners who violate contraband regulations and may deter some of the prohibited activity.
259 259  11. Although not a legal requirement, obtaining a valid search warrant prior to conducting a digital body cavity search may assist with the defense of a potential related lawsuit.
260 260  
281 +**AD 01_110  __INITIAL SEARCH__**
261 261  
262 -**AD 01_110 __INITIAL SEARCH__**
263 -
264 264  1. Policy:
265 265  11. All arrestees entering the jail shall receive an initial search by PCF staff. The initial search shall be a rub search, unless a more intrusive search is required because there is:
266 266  111. Reasonable suspicion that the arrestee is in possession of criminal evidence, a weapon, or other item of contraband which would present an immediate threat to the safety or security of the facility; or
... ... @@ -283,9 +283,8 @@
283 283  11. The reasonable suspicion standard for intrusive searches is a clearly established constitutional requirement.
284 284  11. Court decisions requiring reasonable suspicion before conducting intrusive searches during the admissions process apply only to pretrial arrestees being booked for nonviolent misdemeanors.
285 285  
305 +**AD 01_111  __FOLLOW-UP SEARCH__**
286 286  
287 -**AD 01_111 __FOLLOW-UP SEARCH__**
288 -
289 289  1. Policy:
290 290  11. If a prisoner has exhausted efforts to make bail or obtain other pre-arraignment release and must be moved into the jail population, a more thorough search may then be provided. A strip search or visual body cavity search may be conducted at this stage. However, prisoners shall not be transitioned from arrestee status for the purpose of conducting a strip search or visual body cavity search.
291 291  11. Justification for a follow-up search more intrusive than a rub search must follow the guidelines of that type of search as specified in other sections of this policy.
... ... @@ -295,17 +295,15 @@
295 295  1. Rationale:
296 296  11. Arrestees should not be moved from the admissions area until reasonable efforts to secure a bail release have been exhausted. When the prisoner is moved to the general population, more thorough and intrusive searches are justified because moving a prisoner into the general population who has not been thoroughly searched increases the potential for introduction of weapons, drugs, or other dangerous contraband into the general population; jeopardizing the safety of staff, the safety of other inmates, and the security of the facility.
297 297  
316 +**AD 01_112  __EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES__**
298 298  
299 -AD 01_112 __EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES__
300 -
301 301  1. Policy:
302 302  11. Exigent circumstances may justify a search which under normal conditions would not ordinarily justify the search or level of intrusiveness of the search.
303 303  1. Rationale:
304 304  11. Emergencies and other circumstances which require immediate action to meet safety or security needs create an exception to the limits on searches.
305 305  
323 +**AD 01_113  __CROSS GENDER__**
306 306  
307 -**AD 01_113 __CROSS GENDER__**
308 -
309 309  1. Policy:
310 310  11. Female staff may rub search male prisoners in the normal course of duty;
311 311  11. Female staff may strip search or visual body cavity search male prisoners when:
... ... @@ -328,9 +328,8 @@
328 328  111. The requirements of Title VII which justify cross-gender searches by female staff, do not justify males searching female prisoners. Only under very limited exigent circumstances or where a female prisoner intentionally removes her own clothing or otherwise acts in a manner which amounts to a voluntary waiver of sexual privacy interests are male officers justified in participating in searches of female prisoners.
329 329  11. Refer to “Inmate Surveillance and Supervision” policy (CC 08).
330 330  
347 +**AD 01_114  __MIXED GENDER__**
331 331  
332 -**AD 01_114 __MIXED GENDER__**
333 -
334 334  1. Policy:
335 335  11. Hermaphrodites shall be searched by the gender that is most predominate in the prisoner to be searched, as determined by the on-duty supervisor.
336 336  11. Transsexuals shall be searched by the gender that is the prisoner's current gender.
... ... @@ -338,10 +338,19 @@
338 338  1. Rationale
339 339  11. Mixed gender situations can be confusing to staff who need to complete prisoner searches. Some situations may need to be deferred to the best judgment of the individuals conducting the searches.
340 340  
356 +**AD 01_115  __UNKNOWN GENDER__**
341 341  
342 -**AD 01_115 __UNKNOWN GENDER__**
343 -
344 344  1. Policy:
345 345  11. In the event that the gender of a prisoner is in question, the prisoner shall be strip searched by the prisoner-claimed gender for verification. If the prisoner refuses to comply and does not claim a specific gender, the prisoner shall be strip searched by the gender that most predominately appears to be the gender of the prisoner, as determined by the on-duty supervisor.
346 346  1. Rationale:
347 347  11. Erroneously housing a prisoner with a population of the opposite gender could result in a multitude of problems and/or liability issues.
362 +
363 +**AD 01_116  __VOLUNTARY EXPOSURE__**
364 +
365 +1. Policy:
366 +11. Voluntary exposure occurs when, during searches or other activities, a prisoner on his/her own initiative disrobes exposing his/her private parts to visual observation of staff. Such prisoner actions should be considered to be a voluntary exposure and a voluntary waiver of the prisoner's privacy.
367 +11. When a prisoner voluntarily displays private areas or fails to take advantage of procedures designed to protect sexual privacy, staff members may proceed with the performance of their duties and the prisoner will be deemed as having waived sexual privacy interests.
368 +11. Voluntary exposures should be documented in the jail computer system.
369 +1. Rationale:
370 +11. Persons may voluntarily waive individual rights. Prisoners who voluntarily remove their own clothing or otherwise take actions which result in a loss of sexual privacy, waive their right to privacy. Visual observation of unclothed prisoners may be unavoidable when there is a voluntary waiver of sexual privacy rights.
371 +11. It is not uncommon for prisoners to disrobe in front of staff as an act of defiance or intimidation. Such actions may also be due to intoxication, drug use, or mental disorder. Prisoners may also intentionally disrobe in an attempt to prevent staff members of the opposite gender from being able to perform duties in the proximity of the disrobed prisoner.